-
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Some non-heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and some related exposures. In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Vol. 92. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2010.
-
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking. In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Vol. 83. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2004.
-
Hoffmann D, Hoffmann I, El Bayoumy K. The less harmful cigarette: a controversial issue. A tribute to Ernst L. Wynder. Chemical Research in Toxicology. 2001; 14:767-790.
-
Hecht SS. Research opportunities related to establishing standards for tobacco products under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2012; 14(1):18-28.
-
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Harmful and potentially harmful constituents in tobacco products and tobacco smoke: established list. Silver Spring, MD: Federal Register; 2012. 77(64). https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-04-03/pdf/2012-7766.pdf. Accessed August 21, 2017.
-
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Vinyl chloride. https://www3.epa.gov/airtoxics/hlthef/vinylchl.html. Updated October 18, 2013. Accessed January 12, 2015.
-
Cunningham LD. Beryllium, Mineral Yearbook. US Geological Survey. 1998:K1-K4.
-
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Toxicological Profile for Beryllium. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology; 2002.
-
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Toxicological Profile for Naphthalene; 1-methylnaphthalene; 2-methylnaphthalene. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry; 2005.
-
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Toxicological Profile for Cyanide (Update). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service; 2006.
-
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Smoking & Tobacco Use: Hookahs (Fact Sheet). http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/tobacco_industry/hookahs/. Updated December 17, 2013. Accessed August 18, 2014.
-
Waters K, Harris K, Hall S, Nazir N, Waigandt A. Characteristics of social smoking among college students. Journal of American College Health. 2006; 55(3):133-139.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). The Health Consequences of Smoking: Nicotine Addiction. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 1988.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). The Health Consequences of Smoking: What It Means to You (Consumer Booklet). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2004.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2004.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General. Secondhand Smoke: What It Means To You (Consumer Booklet). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2006.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease. The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable Disease (Executive Summary). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2010.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults (Fact Sheet). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2012.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). A Report of the Surgeon General: Preventing Tobacco Use among Youth and Young Adults. We Can Make the Next Generation Tobacco-Free (Consumer Booklet). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2012.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). The Health Consequences of Smoking: 50 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General (Fact Sheet). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2014.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). Let’s Make the Next Generation Tobacco-Free: Your Guide to the 50th Anniversary Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking and Health (Consumer Booklet). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2014.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). The Health Consequences of Smoking - 50 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2014.
-
Ursprung WW, DiFranza JR. The loss of autonomy over smoking in relation to lifetime cigarette consumption. Addictive Behaviors. 2010;35(1):14-18.
-
Urbánska M, Ratajczak L, Witkowska-Nagiewicz. Analysis of knowledge about tobacco smoking influence on skin condition. Przeglad Lekarski. 2012; 69(10):1055-1059.
-
Shaw M, Mitchell R, Dorling D. Time for a smoke? One cigarette reduces your life by 11 minutes. British Medical Journal. 2005; 320(7226):53.
-
Parrott A. Does cigarette smoking cause stress? The American Psychologist. 1999; 54(10):817-820.
-
Hoyert DL, Xu JQ. Deaths: Preliminary data for 2011. National vital statistics reports. 2012; 61(6):1-51.
-
U.S. National Library of Medicine. (NLM). "Benzene." 06 November, 2008. https://toxtown.nlm.nih.gov/text_version/chemicals.php?id=5. Updated February 25, 2015. Accessed July 13, 2015.
-
Just M, Ribera M, Monsó E, Lorenzo JC, Ferrándiz C. Effect of smoking on skin elastic fibres: morphometric and immunohistochemical analysis. British Journal of Dermatology. 2007;156(1):85-91.
-
Jha P, Ramasundarahettige C, Landsman V, et al. 21st Century hazards of smoking and benefits of cessation in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine. 2013; 368(4):341–350.
-
Doubeni CA, Reed G, DiFranza JR. Early course of nicotine dependence in adolescent smokers. Pediatrics. 2010;125(6):1127-1133.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). A Report of the Surgeon General: How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease (Fact Sheet). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2010.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). Let’s Make the Next Generation Tobacco-Free: Your Guide to the 50th Anniversary Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking and Health (Consumer Booklet). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2014.
-
Minnix J, Blalock J, Marani S, Prokhorov A, et al. Self-Efficacy Mediates the Effect of Depression on Smoking Susceptibility in Adolescents. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2011; 13(8):699-705.
-
National Cancer Institute (NCI), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Smokeless Tobacco and Public Health: A Global Perspective. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute. NIH Publication No. 14-7983; 2014. http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/brp/tcrb/global-perspective/SmokelessTobaccoAndPublicHealth.pdf
-
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Expert panel addresses high rates of smoking in people with psychiatric disorders. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/archive/news/2009/expert-panel-addresses-high-rates-of-smoking-in-people-with-psychiatric-disorders.shtml. Updated February 18, 2009. Accessed August 18, 2014.
-
Ortiz A, Grando SA. Smoking and the skin. International Journal of Dermatology. 2012; 51:250–262.
-
Ziedonis D, Hitsman B, Beckham JC, et al. Tobacco use and cessation in psychiatric disorders: National Institute of Mental Health report. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2008; 10(12):1691-1715.
-
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Tobacco Product Use Among Middle and High School Students – United States, 2011-2014. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2015; 64(14):381-385.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). A Report of the Surgeon General: How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: What It Means to You (Consumer Booklet). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2010.
-
Secretan B, Straif K, Baan R, et al. A review of human carcinogens—Part E: tobacco, areca nut, alcohol, coal smoke, and salted fish. The Lancet Oncology. 2009; 10(11): 1033-1034.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). Preventing Tobacco Use among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2012.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General (Consumer Booklet). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2012.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). A Report of the Surgeon General: How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: What It Means to You (Consumer Booklet). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2010.
-
Cancer Research UK. Source of the chemicals in cigarettes. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/healthyliving/smokingandtobacco/whatsinacigarette/wheredothesechemicalscomefrom. Updated 2009. Accessed August 18, 2014.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). A Report of the Surgeon General: How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: What It Means to You (Consumer Booklet). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2010.
-
Watts A, Addy M. Tooth discolouration and staining: a review of the literature. British Dental Journal. 2001; 190(6):309-316.
-
Hoffman AC, Simmons D. Menthol cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence. Tobacco Induced Diseases. 2011; 9(Suppl 1):S5:1-5.
-
Hoffman AC, Miceli D. Menthol cigarettes and smoking cessation behavior. Tobacco Induced Diseases. 2011; 9(Suppl 1):S6: 1-5
-
Chen I. FDA summary of adverse events on electronic cigarettes. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2013; 15:615–616.
-
Durmowicz EL, Rudy SF, Chen I-L. Electronic cigarettes: analysis of FDA adverse experience reports in non-users. Tobacco Control. Published Online: 23 April 2015. (doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052235)
-
Johnston LD, O'Malley PM, Bachman JG, Schulenberg JE Teen smoking continues to decline in 2013. http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/data/13data/13tobtbl3.pdf. Updated December 18, 2013. Accessed January 12, 2015.
-
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Smokeless Tobacco and Some Tobacco-Specific N-Nitrosamines. Lyon, France. World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2007.
-
DiFranza JR, Sweet M, Savageau JA, Ursprung WS. The assessment of tobacco dependence in young users of smokeless tobacco. Tobacco Control. 2012; 21(5):471-476.
-
Hatsukami DK, Gust SW, Keenan RM. Physiologic and subjective changes from smokeless tobacco withdrawal. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 1987; 41(1):103-107.
-
National Institutes of Health (NIH). Smokeless Tobacco: A Guide for Quitting. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Public Health, National Institutes of Health. NIH Publication No. 12-3270; 2012.
-
National Cancer Institute (NCI), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Smokeless Tobacco and Public Health: A Global Perspective. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute. NIH Publication No. 14-7983; 2014.
-
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Harmful and potentially harmful constituents in tobacco products and tobacco smoke: established list. Federal Register. 2012; 77(64): 20034-20037.
-
Cohen S, Lichtenstein E. Perceived stress, quitting, and smoking relapse. Journal of Health Psychology. 1990; 9(4):466-78.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). A Report of the Surgeon General: Preventing Tobacco Use among Youth and Young Adults. We Can Make the Next Generation Tobacco-Free (Consumer Booklet). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2012.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2004.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). A Report of the Surgeon General: How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: What It Means to You (Consumer Booklet). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2010.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). A Report of the Surgeon General: Preventing Tobacco Use among Youth and Young Adults. We Can Make the Next Generation Tobacco-Free (Consumer Booklet). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2012.
Ursprung WW, DiFranza JR. The loss of autonomy over smoking in relation to lifetime cigarette consumption. Addictive Behaviors. 2010;35(1):14-18.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2004.
-
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Tobacco product use among middle and high school students – United States, 2011-2015. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2016; 65(14):361-367.
-
National Cancer Institute (NCI). Health effects: quit. http://teen.smokefree.gov/yourHealthEffects.aspx. Accessed August 18, 2014. Ortiz A, Grando SA. Smoking and the skin. International Journal of Dermatology. 2012; 51:250–262
-
National Cancer Institute (NCI). Health effects: quit. http://teen.smokefree.gov/yourHealthEffects.aspx. Accessed August 18, 2014.
-
Shah JP, Gil Z. Current concepts in management of oral cancer–surgery. Oral Oncology. 2009; 45(4):394-401.
-
Cheng T. Chemical evaluation of electronic cigarettes. Tobacco Control. 2014; 23:ii11–ii17.
-
Allen J, Flanigan SS, LeBlanc M, et al. Flavoring chemicals in e-cigarettes: Diacetyl, 2,3-pentanedione, and acetoin in a sample of 51 products, including fruit-, candy-, cocktail- flavored e-cigarettes. Environ Health Perspect. 2016;124. https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/ehp.1510185. Accessed March 27, 2018.
-
Williams M, Villarreal A, Bozhilov K, Lin S, Talbot P. Metal and silicate particles including nanoparticles are present in electronic cigarette cartomizer fluid and aerosol. PLoS One. 2013; 8(3):e57987.
-
Goniewicz ML, Hajek P, McRobbie H. Nicotine content of electronic cigarettes, its release in vapour and its consistency across batches: regulatory implications. Addiction. 2014; 109(3)500-7.
-
Marynak KL, Gammon DG, Rogers T et al. (2017), Sales of Nicotine-Containing Electronic Cigarette Products: United States, 2015. American Journal of Public Health. 2017 May;107(5):702-705. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303660
-
Vansickel AR, Eissenberg T. Electronic cigarettes: Effective nicotine delivery after acute administration. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2013; 15:267-270.
-
Hecht SS, Carmella SG, Kotandeniya D, et al. Evaluation of toxicant and carcinogen metabolites in the urine of e-cigarette users versus cigarette smokers. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2015; 17(6):704-709.
-
Adriaens K, Van Gucht D, Declerck P, Baeyens F. Effectiveness of the electronic cigarette: an eight-week Flemish study with six-month follow-up on smoking reduction, craving and experienced benefits and complaints. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11:1220-1248.
-
Etter JF. Levels of saliva cotinine in electronic cigarette users. Addiction. 2014; 109(5):825-829.
-
Hiler M, Breland A, et al. Electronic cigarette user plasma nicotine concentration, puff topography, heart rate, and subjective effects: Influence of liquid nicotine concentration and user experience. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2017; 25(5)380-392.
-
U.S Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). A Report of the Surgeon General: How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: What It Means to You (Consumer Booklet). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2010.
-
Goniewicz ML, Knysak J, Gawron M, et al. Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes. Tobacco Control. 2014; 23(2):133-139.
-
Bein K, Leikauf GD. Acrolein–a pulmonary hazard. Molecular & Food Research. 2011;55(9):1342-1360.
-
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Occupational Safety and Health Standards. Medical surveillance – Formaldehyde. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration. https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10078. Accessed May 8, 2018.
-
Rubinstein M, Delucchi K, Benowitz N, Ramo D. Adolescent exposure to toxic volatile organic chemicals from e-cigarettes. Pediatrics. 2018; 141(4):e20173557.
-
St Helen G, Havel C, Dempsey DA, Jacob P, Benowitz NL. Nicotine delivery, retention and pharmacokinetics from various electronic cigarettes. Addiction. 2016;111(3), 535-544
-
Barrington-Trimis JL, Urman R, Berhane K, et al. E-cigarettes and future cigarette use. Pediatrics. 2016; e20160379.
-
Martin GC, Brown JP, Eifler CW, Houston GD. Oral leukoplakia status six weeks after cessation of smokeless tobacco use. Journal of the American Dental Association. 1999; 130(7):945-54. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10422398
-
Holliday ED, Gould TJ. Chronic Nicotine Treatment During Adolescence Attenuates the Effects of Acute Nicotine in Adult Contextual Fear Learning. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2017; 19(1):87-93.
-
Meo SA, Al Asiri SA. Effects of electronic cigarette smoking on human health. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014;18(21):3315-3319.
-
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Vaporizers, E-Cigarettes, and other ENDS. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/products-ingredients-components/vaporizers-e-cigarettes-and-other-electronic-nicotine-delivery-systems-ends.
-
Olmedo P, Goessler W, Tanda S, et al. Metal concentrations in e-cigarette liquid and aerosol samples: the contribution of metallic coils. Environmental Health Perspectives (Online). 2018; 126(2).
-
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Understanding the Health Impact and Dangers of Smoke and 'Vapor'. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/fda-voices-perspectives-fda-leadership-and-experts/understanding-health-impact-and-dangers-smoke-and-vapor.
-
Villa A, Villa C, Abati S. Oral cancer and oral erythroplakia: an update and implication for clinicians. Australian Dental Journal. 2011; 56(3): 253-256.
-
Trauth JA, Seidler FJ, Ali SF, Slotkin TA. Adolescent nicotine exposure produces immediate and long-term changes in CNS noradrenergic and dopaminergic function. Brain Research. 2001; 892(2):269-280.
-
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3880511/
-
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10321893
-
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4659847/
-
http://medicaldevices.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?articleid=1700353&journalid=128
-
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/oscillating+saw
-
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5529197/
-
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3847009/
-
https://www.medline.com/product/Sluder-Jansen-Mouth-Gags/Gags/Z05-PF93576
-
https://www.wpiinc.com/surgical-instruments/bone-instruments/bone-cutters-rongeurs
-
https://www.sklarcorp.com/forceps/grasping-forceps/lahey-forceps-straight-5-1-2.html
-
http://downloads.lww.com/wolterskluwer_vitalstream_com/sample-content/9781608316380_Mitchell/samples/Chapter11.pdf
-
https://www.wpiinc.com/surgical-instruments/bone-instruments/bone-cutters-rongeurs
-
https://www.sklarcorp.com/forceps/grasping-forceps/lahey-forceps-straight-5-1-2.html
-
http://downloads.lww.com/wolterskluwer_vitalstream_com/sample-content/9781608316380_Mitchell/samples/Chapter11.pdf
-
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM). 2018. Public Health Consequences of E-cigarettes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Doi: https://doi.org/10.17226/24952
-
Berry KM, Fetterman JL, Benjamin EJ, Bhatnagar A, Barrington-Trimis JL, Leventhal AM, Stokes A. Association of Electronic Cigarette Use With Subsequent Initiation of Tobacco Cigarettes in US Youths. JAMA Network Open. 2019; 2(2): e187794-e187794.
-
Chen J, Kettermann A, Rostron BL, Day HR. Biomarkers of exposure among U.S. cigar smokers: an analysis of 1999-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 2014; 23(12):2906-2915.
-
Chatham-Stephens K, Law R, Taylor E, et al. Notes from the field: calls to poison centers for exposures to electronic cigarettes--United States, September 2010-February 2014. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2014; 63(13):292-293.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2016.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2016.
-
England LJ, Aagaard K, Bloch M, et al. Developmental toxicity of nicotine: A transdisciplinary synthesis and implications for emerging tobacco products. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2017; 72:176-189.
-
Counotte DS, Spijker S, Van de Burgwal LH, et al. Long-lasting cognitive deficits resulting from adolescent nicotine exposure in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2009; 34(2):299-306.
-
Chun LF, Moazed F, Calfee CS, Matthay MA, Gotts JE. Pulmonary toxicity of e-cigarettes. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2017;313(2):L193–L206. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00071.2017.
-
Madison M, Landers C, Gu B, et al. Electronic cigarettes disrupt lung lipid homeostasis and innate immunity independent of nicotine. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2019; 129(10).
-
Schweitzer KS, Chen SX, Law S, et al. Endothelial disruptive proinflammatory effects of nicotine and ecigarette vapor exposures. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2015;309(2):L175–L187. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00411.2014.
-
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Rules and Regulations. Federal Register. 2016; 81(90):29061.
-
Shanks TG, Burns DM. Disease consequences of cigar smoking. In: Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph 9: Cigars–Health Effects and Trends. Bethesda, MD: 1998.
-
Chang CM, Corey CG, Rostron BL, Apelberg BJ. Systematic review of cigar smoking and all-cause and smoking-related mortality. BMC Public Health. 2015; 15:390.
-
National Cancer Institute. Smoking and tobacco control monograph no 9. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute; 1998.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Coordinating Center for Health Promotion, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2006.
-
National Toxicology Program. Tobacco-Related Exposures. In: Report on Carcinogens. Fourteenth Edition. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program, 2016.
-
"Benzene." 06 November, 2008. U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). http://toxtown.nlm.nih.gov/text_version/chemicals.php?id=5. Updated February 25, 2015. Accessed July 13, 2015.
-
Center for Tobacco Products (CTP). Statistics Sheet. Cleared July 10, 2014.
-
Wynne C, Waaka DS & Cohen G. (2018, February). Acute Use of Nicotine Salt-based ENDS and Combusted Cigarettes. Poster session presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, Baltimore, MD.
-
PAX Labs, Inc. (2015, December 22). PAX Labs, Inc. granted U.S. patent for nicotine salt e-cigarette [Press release]. Retrieved from https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/pax-labs-inc-granted-us-patent-for-nicotine-salt-e-cigarette-300196459.html
-
Jackler RK & Ramamurthi D. Nicotine arms race: JUUL and the high-nicotine product market. Tob Control. Published Online First: 06 February 2019. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054796.
-
Connor DA, Gould TJ. Chronic fluoxetine ameliorates adolescent chronic nicotine exposure-induced long-term adult deficits in trace conditioning. Neuropharmacology. 2017; 125:272-283.
-
Fountain SB, Rowan JD, Kelley BM, Willey AR, Nolley EP. Adolescent exposure to nicotine impairs adult serial pattern learning in rats. Exp Brain Res. 2008; 187(4):651-656.
-
https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/products-ingredients-components/vaporizers-e-cigarettes-and-other-electronic-nicotine-delivery-systems-ends
-
Williams M, Villarreal A, Bozhilov K, Lin S, Talbot P. Metal and silicate particles including nanoparticles are present in electronic cigarette cartomizer fluid and aerosol. PLoS One. 2013; 8(3):e57987.
-
Sommerfeld CG, Weiner DJ, Nowalk A. Larkin A. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome From E-Cigarette Use. Pediatrics. 2018; 141(6):e20163927.
-
Khan, MS, Khateeb F, Akhtar J, Khan Z, Lal A, Kholodovych V, Hammersley J. Organizing pneumonia related to electronic cigarette use: A case report and review of literature. The clinical respiratory journal. 2018; 12(3):1295-1299.
-
Motooka Y, Matsui T, Slaton RM, et al. Adverse events of smoking cessation treatments (nicotine replacement therapy and non-nicotine prescription medication) and electronic cigarettes in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System, 2004-2016. SAGE Open Med. 2018;6:2050312118777953.
-
Hua M, Alfi M, Talbot P. Health-related effects reported by electronic cigarette users in online forums. J Med Internet Res. 2013;15(4):e59.
-
Murphy SL, Xu JQ, Kochanek KD. Deaths: Final data for 2010. National Vital Statistics Reports. 2013; 61(4):37-41.
-
Slotkin TA. Cholinergic systems in brain development and disruption by neurotoxicants: nicotine, environmental tobacco smoke, organophosphates. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 2004; 198(2), 132-151.
-
Dwyer JB, McQuown SC, Leslie FM. The dynamic effects of nicotine on the developing brain. Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2009; 122(2):125-39.
-
Bertuccio P, La VC, Silverman DT, et al. Cigar and pipe smoking, smokeless tobacco use and pancreatic cancer: an analysis from the International Pancreatic Cancer Case- Control Consortium (PanC4). Annals of Oncology. 2011; 22 (6):1420–1426.
-
Henningfield JE, Hariharan M, Kozlowski LT. Nicotine content and health risks of cigars. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1996; 276(23):1857-1858.
-
Henningfield JE. Keenan RM. Nicotine delivery kinetics and abuse liability. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1993; 61(5):743-750.
-
Rickert WS, Robinson JC, Bray DF, Rogers B, Collishaw NE. Characterization of tobacco products: a comparative study of the tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields of cigars, manufactured cigarettes, and cigarettes made from fine-cut tobacco. Preventive Medicine. 1985; 14(2):226-233.
-
Rickert WS, Trivedi AH, Momin RA, Wagstaff WG, Lauterbach JH. Mutagenic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic properties of tobacco smoke produced by cigarillos available on the Canadian market. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 2011; 61(2):199-209.
-
Rickert WS, Wright WG, Trivedi AH, Momin RA, Lauterbach JH. A comparative study of the mutagenicity of various types of tobacco products. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 2007; 48(3):320-330.
-
Blank MD, Nasim A, Hart A, Eissenberg T. Acute effects of cigarillo smoking. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2011; 13(9):874-879.
-
Fabian LA, Canlas LL, Potts J, Pickworth WB. Ad lib smoking of Black & Mild cigarillos and cigarettes. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2012; 14(3):368-371.
-
Pickworth WB, Rosenberry ZR, Koszowski B. Toxicant exposure from smoking a little cigar: further support for product regulation. Tobacco Control. 2016; [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 27122063.
-
Koszowski B, Rosenberry ZR, Kanu A, Viray LC, Potts JL, Pickworth WB. Nicotine and carbon monoxide exposure from inhalation of cigarillo smoke. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 2015; 139(Pt A):7-14.
-
Blank MD, Cobb CO, Eissenberg T, Nasim A. Acute Effects of “Hyping” a Black&Mild Cigarillo. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2015; 18(4):460-469.
-
Kershbaum, A. A comparative study of cigarette, cigar and pipe smoking effects on blood lipids, catechlolamine excretion and nicotine content of the urine. Acta Cardiologica. 1968; 23(4):317-329.
-
"Armitage A, Dollery C, Houseman T, Kohner E, Lewis PJ, Turner D. Absorption of nicotine from small cigars. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 1978; 23(2):143-151.
CTP funded contract study results- not yet published. CTP Lead: Megan Schroeder." -
Placzek AN, Molfese DL, Khatiwada S, et al. Translational control of nicotine-evoked synaptic potentiation in mice and neuronal responses in human smokers by elF2 alpha. Elife. 2016; 5:11.
-
Maziak W, Ward KD, Eissenberg T. Factors related to frequency of narghile (waterpipe) use: the first insights on tobacco dependence in narghile users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2004; 76(1):101-106.
-
Rastam S, Eissenberg T, Ibrahim I, Ward KD, Khalil R, Maziak W. Comparative analysis of waterpipe and cigarette suppression of abstinence and craving symptoms. Addictive Behaviors. 2011; 36(5):555-559.
-
Aboaziza E, Eissenberg T. Waterpipe tobacco smoking: what is the evidence that it supports nicotine/tobacco dependence? Tobacco Control. 2015; Suppl. 1:i44-i53.
-
Mohammad Y, Shaaban R, Hassan M, et al. Respiratory effects in children from passive smoking of cigarettes and narghile: ISAAC Phase Three in Syria. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2014; 18(11):1279–1284.
-
Kassem NOF, Daffa RM, Liles S, et al. Children's exposure to secondhand and thirdhand smoke carcinogens and toxicants in homes of hookah smokers. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2014; 16(7):961-975.
-
Kumar SR, Davies S, Weitzman M, Sherman S. A review of air quality, biological indicators and health effects of second-hand waterpipe smoke exposure. Tobacco Control. 2014; [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID:25480544.
-
Hakim F, Hellou E, Goldbart A, Katz R, Bentur Y, Bentur L. The acute effects of water-pipe smoking on the cardiorespiratory system. Chest. 2011; 139(4): 775–781.
-
Cobb C, Ward KD, Maziak W, Shihadeh AL, Eissenberg T. Waterpipe tobacco smoking: an emerging health crisis in the United States. American Journal of Health Behavior. 2010; 34(3):275-285.
-
Noonan D, Kulbok PA. New tobacco trends: waterpipe (hookah) smoking and implications for healthcare providers. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners. 2009; 21(5):258-260.
-
Munshi T, Heckman CJ, Darlow S. Association between tobacco waterpipe smoking and head and neck conditions: a systematic review. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2015; 146(10):760-766.
-
World Health Organization Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation (WHO TobReg). Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking: Health Effects, Research Needs and Recommended Actions by Regulators. Advisory Note, 2005.
-
Chaouachi, K. The medical consequences of narghile (hookah, shisha) use in the world. Epidemiology and Public Health. 2007; 55(3):165-170.
-
Roll-Your-Own Tobacco Products. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/products-ingredients-components/roll-your-own-tobacco. Accessed April 17, 2020.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable Disease: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2010.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). A Report of the Surgeon General: How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: What It Means to You (Consumer Booklet). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2010.
-
National Cancer Institute (NCI). Depression and vaping. https://teen.smokefree.gov/quit-vaping/depression-vaping. Accessed December 12, 2022.
-
National Cancer Institute (NCI). Anxiety, Stress, and Vaping. https://teen.smokefree.gov/quit-vaping/anxiety-stress-vaping. Accessed December 12, 2022.
-
National Cancer Institute (NCI). Vaping Addiction and Nicotine Withdrawal. https://teen.smokefree.gov/quit-vaping/vaping-addiction-nicotine-withdrawal. Accessed December 13, 2022.
-
National Cancer Institute (NCI). Deal With Vape Cravings. https://teen.smokefree.gov/quit-vaping/deal-with-vape-cravings. Accessed December 13, 2022.
-
National Cancer Institute (NCI). Nicotine & Addiction. https://teen.smokefree.gov/the-risks-of-tobacco/nicotine-addiction. Accessed December 13, 2022.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable Disease: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2010.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). A Report of the Surgeon General: How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: What It Means to You (Consumer Booklet). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2010.
-
Al-Bashaireh AM, Haddad LG, Weaver M, Kelly DL, Chengguo X, Yoon S. The effect of tobacco smoking on musculoskeletal health: a systematic review. J Environ Public Health. 2018 Jul 11;2018.
-
US Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: US Dept of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2014.
-
Ward KD, Klesges RC. A meta-analysis of the effects of cigarette smoking on bone mineral density. Calcified tissue international. 2001 May;68(5):259-70.
-
National Institutes of Health. Smoking and Bone Health. National Institutes of Health Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases National Resource Center; 2018.
-
Reumann MK, Schaefer J, Titz B. et al. E-vapor aerosols do not compromise bone integrity relative to cigarette smoke after 6-month inhalation in an ApoE–/– mouse model. Arch. Toxicol. 2020;94:2163–2177.
-
Stefaniak AB, LeBouf RF, Ranpara AC, Leonard SS. Toxicology of flavoring- and cannabis-containing e-liquids used in electronic delivery systems, Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2021;224:107838.
-
Otero CE, Noeker JA, Brown MM, Wavreil FDM, Harvey WA, Mitchell KA, Heggland SJ. Electronic cigarette liquid exposure induces flavor-dependent osteotoxicity and increases expression of a key bone marker, collagen type i. Journal of Applied Toxicology. 2019;39:888–898.
-
Jorde R, Stunes AK, Kubiak J, Grimnes G, Thorsby PM, Syversen U. Smoking and other determinants of bone turnover. PLoS One. 2019 Nov 25;14(11):e0225539.
-
Rapuri PB, Gallagher JC, Balhorn KE, Ryschon KL. Smoking and bone metabolism in elderly women. Bone. 2000 Sep 1;27(3):429-36.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2016
-
Prochaska JJ, Vogel EA, Benowitz N. Nicotine delivery and cigarette equivalents from vaping a JUULpod. Tobacco Control 2022;31:e88-e93.
-
Olmedo P, Goessler W, Tanda S, et al. Metal concentrations in e-cigarette liquid and aerosol samples: the contribution of metallic coils. Environmental Health Perspectives (Online). 2018; 126(2).
-
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Harmful and potentially harmful constituents in tobacco products and tobacco smoke: established list. Federal Register. 2012; 77(64): 20034-20037.
-
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM). 2018. Public Health Consequences of E-cigarettes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Doi: https://10.17226/24952
-
Cao Y, Wu D, Ma Y, Ma X, Wang S, Li F, Li M, Zhang T. Toxicity of electronic cigarettes: A general review of the origins, health hazards, and toxicity mechanisms. Sci. Total Environ. 2021 Jun 10;772:145475.
-
Rubinstein M, Delucchi K, Benowitz N, Ramo D. Adolescent exposure to toxic volatile organic chemicals from e-cigarettes. Pediatrics. 2018; 141(4):e20173557.
-
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Occupational Safety and Health Standards. Medical surveillance – Formaldehyde. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration. https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10078. Accessed May 8, 2018.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). Smoking Cessation. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2020.
-
Goniewicz ML, Knysak J, Gawron M, et al. Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes. Tobacco Control. 2014; 23(2):133-139.
-
Cheng T. Chemical evaluation of electronic cigarettes. Tobacco Control. 2014; 23:ii11–ii17.
-
England LJ, Aagaard K, Bloch M, et al. Developmental toxicity of nicotine: A transdisciplinary synthesis and implications for emerging tobacco products. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2017; 72:176-189.
-
Goniewicz ML, Knysak J, Gawron M, et al. Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes. Tobacco Control. 2014; 23(2):133-139.
-
Pierce, J. P., Choi, W. S., Gilpin, E. A., Farkas, A. J., & Merritt, R. K. (1996). Validation of susceptibility as a predictor of which adolescents take up smoking in the United States. Health Psychology, 15(5), 355-361.
-
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/24952.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). A Report of the Surgeon General: Preventing Tobacco Use among Youth and Young Adults. We Can Make the Next Generation Tobacco-Free (Consumer Booklet). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2012.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2016.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). Smoking Cessation. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2020.
-
Novotny TE, Slaughter E. Tobacco product waste: an environmental approach to reduce tobacco consumption. Current Environmental Health Reports. 2014; 1(3):208-216.
-
Mock J, Hendlin YH. Notes from the Field: Environmental Contamination from E-cigarette, Cigarette, Cigar, and Cannabis Products at 12 High Schools — San Francisco Bay Area, 2018–2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019;68:897–899.
-
Hendlin YH. Alert: public health implications of electronic cigarette waste. Am J Public Health. 2018;108:1489–90.
-
Connor DA, Gould TJ. Chronic fluoxetine ameliorates adolescent chronic nicotine exposure-induced long-term adult deficits in trace conditioning. Neuropharmacology. 2017; 125:272-283.
-
Holliday ED, Gould TJ. Chronic Nicotine Treatment During Adolescence Attenuates the Effects of Acute Nicotine in Adult Contextual Fear Learning. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2017; 19(1):87-93.
-
Counotte DS, Spijker S, Van de Burgwal LH, et al. Long-lasting cognitive deficits resulting from adolescent nicotine exposure in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2009 34(2), 299-306.
-
Fountain SB, Rowan JD, Kelley BM, Willey AR, Nolley EP. Adolescent exposure to nicotine impairs adult serial pattern learning in rats. Exp Brain Res. 2008; 187(4):651-656.
-
Dwyer JB, McQuown SC, Leslie FM. The dynamic effects of nicotine on the developing brain. Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2009; 122(2):125-39.
-
Slotkin TA. Cholinergic systems in brain development and disruption by neurotoxicants: nicotine, environmental tobacco smoke, organophosphates. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 2004; 198(2), 132-151.Bein K, Leikauf GD. Acrolein–a pulmonary hazard. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. 2011;55(9):1342-1360.
-
Goniewicz ML, Knysak J, Gawron M, et al. Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes. Tobacco Control. 2014; 23(2):133-139.
-
Cheng T. Chemical evaluation of electronic cigarettes. Tobacco Control. 2014; 23:ii11–ii17.
-
Bein K, Leikauf GD. Acrolein–a pulmonary hazard. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. 2011;55(9):1342-1360.
-
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Occupational Safety and Health Standards. Medical surveillance – Formaldehyde. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration. https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10078. Accessed May 8, 2018.
-
Williams M, Villarreal A, Bozhilov K, Lin S, Talbot P. Metal and silicate particles including nanoparticles are present in electronic cigarette cartomizer fluid and aerosol. PLoS One. 2013; 8(3):e57987.
-
Olmedo P, Goessler W, Tanda S, et al. Metal concentrations in e-cigarette liquid and aerosol samples: the contribution of metallic coils. Environmental Health Perspectives (Online). 2018; 126(2).
-
Rubinstein M, Delucchi K, Benowitz N, Ramo D. Adolescent exposure to toxic volatile organic chemicals from e-cigarettes. Pediatrics. 2018; 141(4):e20173557.
-
Allen J, Flanigan SS, LeBlanc M, et al. Flavoring chemicals in e-cigarettes: Diacetyl, 2,3-pentanedione, and acetoin in a sample of 51 products, including fruit-, candy-, cocktail- flavored e-cigarettes. Environ Health Perspect. 2016;124. https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/15-10185/. Accessed March 27, 2018.
-
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). A Report of the Surgeon General: How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: What It Means to You (Consumer Booklet). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2010.
-
Ogunwale MA, Li M, Ramakrishnam Raju MV, Chen Y, Nantz MH, Conklin DJ, & Fu XA. Aldehyde detection in electronic cigarette aerosols. ACS omega. 2017; 2(3), 1207-1214.
-
Mardani M, Alipour F, Rafiey H, Fallahi-Khoshknab M, Arshi M. Challenges in addiction- affected families: a systematic review of qualitative studies. BMC Psychiatry. 2023 Jun 16;23(1):439. doi: 10.1186/s12888-023-04927-1. PMID: 37328763; PMCID: PMC10273571.
-
Kim DA, Benjamin EJ, Fowler JH, Christakis NA. 2016 Social connectedness is associated with fibrinogen level in a human social network. Proc. R. Soc. B283: 20160958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0958
-
Holt-Lunstad J. Why Social Relationships Are Important for Physical Health: A Systems Approach to Understanding and Modifying Risk and Protection. Annu Rev Psychol. 2018 Jan 4;69:437-458. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011902. Epub 2017 Oct 16. PMID: 29035688.
-
Chen P, Harris KM. Association of Positive Family Relationships With Mental Health Trajectories From Adolescence to Midlife. JAMA Pediatr. 2019 Dec 1;173(12):e193336. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3336. Epub 2019 Dec 2. PMID: 31589247; PMCID: PMC6784807.